Down Syndrome is a condition that causes a child to be born with an extra chromosome or chromosome 21.
This disorder is also called trisomy 21 and can cause a child to experience delays in physical and mental development, even disability.
This disorder is the most common genetic chromosome disorder. In addition, this disorder can also cause health-related problems, such as heart and digestive disorders.
With medical advances and a better understanding of Down syndrome, the quality of life of children has improved.
Early intervention can also help sufferers live a fulfilling life.
The role of the family is very important in helping the lives of people with Down syndrome.
You can chat with an experienced Halodoc doctor for further consultation regarding Down syndrome so that you can get the right treatment for families experiencing this condition.
Causes of Down Syndrome
Cells in the human body generally consist of 23 pairs of chromosomes. One chromosome in each pair comes from the father and the other from the mother.
In Down syndrome sufferers, abnormal cell division occurs on chromosome 21. This abnormality in cell division results in an excess number of chromosomes.
In fact, this extra genetic material is responsible for the characteristics and developmental problems of Down syndrome.
In general, children with Down syndrome have a lower level of learning ability and inhibited growth which causes differences from one another.
There are three types of Down syndrome that can be identified, namely:
Translocation
This type occurs in about 4 people with Down syndrome. Translocation is a rare type that may be inherited from parents to children.
Mosaicism
This rarest type has a milder condition with slight growth retardation.
Trisomy 21
This type of Down syndrome trisomy 21 is the most common and is experienced by more than 90 percent of people with Down syndrome.
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Down Syndrome Risk Factors
Some of the factors below are believed to increase the risk of a baby being born with Down syndrome such as:
Having a sibling or brother with Down syndrome.
Pregnant women over 35 years old.
If you have a baby with Down syndrome.
The mother’s age during pregnancy is a factor that can increase the risk of having a baby with Down syndrome.
Women who have children with Down syndrome are at risk of giving birth to babies with the condition in subsequent pregnancies.
Another factor for Down syndrome is heredity.
Signs and Symptoms of Down Syndrome
Symptoms of Down syndrome in young children have several similar physical characteristics due to hereditary factors from parents and family.
There are several physical characteristics that play a role in the appearance of Down syndrome sufferers such as:
Palms that only have one fold.
Eyes slanted upward and outward.
Weight and length at birth below average weight.
Small mouth.
Small nose and flat nasal bone.
Wide hands with short fingers.
Short body.
Having a small head.
Tongue protruding.
There is a wide gap between the first and second toes.
If a loved one experiences symptoms like the above, Here are Specialist Doctors Who Can Help Treat Down Syndrome.
Down Syndrome Diagnosis
For the diagnosis process of Down syndrome, screening tests and diagnostic tests need to be performed on all pregnant women regardless of age.
Routine examinations during pregnancy can determine whether the baby has this disorder or not.
Place to look for Down Syndrome information and assistance in Malaysia: https://downsyndromemalaysia.com/